Adapting Traditional Police Organizational Structu

Adapting Traditional Police Organizational Structu Adapting Traditional Police Organizational Structure to Accommodate Community Oriented Policing The changing face of society is forcing many police organizations to make many changes in the way they run, organize and structure their departments. As public expectations of police change from crime fighters to public safety problem solvers, police administrators must modify their organizational structure in order to meet broader mission statements and carry out new tasks. This structural modification is not simply a matter of changes boxes on organizational charts.To study police organization, it is necessary to first study the way in which law enforcement agencies are organized. An organizational pattern must be looked upon as a structure of authority headed by an executive possessing formal power to fulfill the department?s mission and to delegate portions of his power to his subordinates. An organization is a formal structure to facilitate tasks. When we consider the formal structure of an organization, we typically focus on two areas.English: THe Avondale community policing centre in...The first, is the formal relationship and duties of personnel in the organization, which include the organizational chart and job descriptions. The other area is the set of formal rules, policies, or procedures, and controls that serve to guide behavior of organizational members within the framework of the formal relationships and duties (Tansik Elliot, 1981).The challenge for professional police managers is to devise an integrated model of organization that takes into account both traditional organization theory and more contemporary organization theories (Trojanowicz Bucqueroux, 1990). This paper looks at this challenge as police organizations make the transition from traditional to community policing strategies.Traditional Organizational Theory Fundamentally, classical or traditional organization theory seeks to control from the top down ( Maris, 1997). In Weber?s bureaucra tic model, the organization of officers follows the principle of hierarchy, each member is specified with...

Huckleberry Finn Essays (664 words) - English-language Films

Huckleberry Finn Essays (664 words) - English-language Films Huckleberry Finn In his latest story, Huckleberry Finn (Tom Sawyer's Comrade), by Mark Twain, Mr. Clemens has made a very distinct literary advance over Tom Sawyer, as an interpreter of human nature and a contributor to our stock of original pictures of American life. Still adhering to his plan of narrating the adventures of boys, with a primeval and Robin Hood freshness, he has broadened his canvas and given us a picture of a people, of a geographical region, of a life that is new in the world. The scene of his romance is the Mississippi river. Mr. Clemens has written of this river before specifically, but he has not before presented it to the imagination so distinctly nor so powerfully. Huck Finn's voyage down the Mississippi with the run away nigger Jim, and with occasionally other companions, is an adventure fascinating in itself as any of the classic outlaw stories, but in order that the reader may know what the author has done for him, let him notice the impression left on his mind of this lawless, mysterious, wonderful Mississippi, when he has closed the book. But it is not alone the river that is indelibly impressed upon the mind, the life that went up and down it and went on along its banks are projected with extraordinary power. Incidentally, and with a true artistic instinct, the villages, the cabins, the people of this river become startlingly real. The beauty of this is that it is apparently done without effort. Huck floating down the river happens to see these things and to encounter the people and the characters that made the river famous forty years agothat is all. They do not have the air of being invented, but of being found. And the dialects of the people, white and blackwhat a study are they; and yet nobody talks for the sake of exhibiting a dialect. It is not necessary to believe the surprising adventures that Huck engages in, but no one will have a moment's doubt of the reality of the country and the people he meets. Another thing to be marked in the story is its dramatic power. Take the story of the Southern Vendettaa marvelous piece of work in a purely literary point of viewand the episode of the duke and the king, with its pictures of Mississippi communities, both of which our readers probably saw in the Century magazine. They are equaled in dramatic force by nothing recently in literature. We are not in this notice telling the story or quoting from a book that nearly everybody is sure to read, but it is proper to say that Mr. Clemens strikes in a very amusing way certain psychological problems. What, for instance, in the case of Huck, the son of the town drunkard, perverted from the time of his birth, is conscience, and how does it work? Most amusing is the struggle Huck has with his conscience in regard to slavery. His conscience tells him, the way it has been instructed, that to help the runaway, nigger Jim to escapeto aid in stealing the property of Miss Watson, who has never injured him, is an enormous offense that will no doubt carry him to the bad place; but his affection for Jim finally induces him to violate his conscience and risk eternal punishment in helping Jim to escape. The whole study of Huck's moral nature is as serious as it is amusing, his confusion of wrong as right and his abnormal mendacity, traceable to his training from infancy, is a singular contribution to the investigation of human nature. These contradictions, however, do not interfere with the fun of the story, which has all the comicality, all the odd way of looking at life, all the whimsical turns of thought and expression that have given the author his wide fame and made him sui generis. The story is so interesting so full of life and dramatic force, that the reader will be carried along irresistibly, and the time he loses in laughing he will make up in diligence to hurry along and find out how things come out.

History Views of Arnold and Appleby Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History Views of Arnold and Appleby - Essay Example There exist a wide gap between academic historians and the general public due to specialization and marginalization, a common feature in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. In the last two generation, history was a major part of national literature, written by individuals that were deeply engrossed with politics. But of recent years, the popular influence of history has greatly diminished. The thought and feeling of the new generation is affected by historians who consider the discipline as a 'science' for specialists, not 'literature' for the common reader of book. 1 Henry Thomas Buckle, writes in his famous book, History of Civilization in England (23-44) that, Of all the great branches of human knowledge, history is that upon which most has been written, and which has always been popular...’’1 This shows that history is widely diffused, by the extent to which it is read, and its share in all plans of education. However, historians have a divisive speci alization of historians, and their subsequent inability to create and communicate grand analyses. There appears to be a recurrent tendency for historians to be perceived as unfairly separated from central public discourse. There is growing concerns with potential readership - inquirers wanting an 'exact knowledge' rather than other purpose and therefore the nature of the desired audience is what really matters here. Public historian has a sense of purchase upon his or her readership has always been dependent upon the nature of 'the public' to whom he or she wishes to make connection. As modern mass audience, we should not be surprised to find a change in the way of doing things than in years gone. As the political public has multiplied the historian work harder to get her or his voice heard. Depending upon one's political position, this may be either a good or a bad thing: harder for a liberal historian, who upset and complicates the received narratives of modern politics, and thus, potentially radicalize a general readership. Purpose of public engagement must be Cleary emphasized. History incorporates the views of people with whom the author disagrees and offer synthetic views with which most members of the profession could agree. 2 (Ann, 33) History gives the tools to dissent; the political position is written into the claim for history's importance envision in a storehouse of facts, examples, and the critical ability to ask questions and demur from absolutes even though the passage from historian to public is fraught, for how the history we present is received is another matter. History does of course matter, and is of course political with a danger that if one did serve up policy history, packaged and directed toward public political discourse, it would nonetheless remain re-appropriable by ideologies one do not support. And in so doing by providing history fit for purpose for politicians and media, one allows the terrain of debate to be diminished, hedged in, and commoditized. (Ann, 33-40) Pre-modern matters have tremendously been shaped in the recent centuries. For example, current political ideology often grounds its authority through either a claim to radical strangeness, or an assumption of what is natural or traditional. Its Only through a long view that these claims be successfully evaluated for example, notions of what constitute an institution or the different claims of nationhood or the wide forms of collective social action through which many communities

Casestudy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Casestudy - Case Study Example We at Lauren sincerely regret the unavoidable employee lay-off situation that followed our acquisition of Western Company. We have received complaints by former Western employees who feel aggrieved by the amount of severance package we have stepped forward to offer our unfortunate brothers whose esteemed services were cut short at the firm for sustainability reasons. For demonstration we shall pick the case of Bill Smith, a recently laid off Western employee, who we understand is concerned that Lauren is not genuine in the severance package offered to him. To clarify our stand, Lauren has hired the services of a statistician who worked out the figures contained in the analysis below regarding our severance packages policy. The output above shows the coefficients generated when the data from the randomly picked former Lauren employees is executed. We use the table values to construct a linear model that can be used to determine the amount of severance pay for any employee at the firm and emerging subsidiaries. The model is supposed to acquire the form: y = ÃŽ ²0 + ÃŽ ²1x1 + ÃŽ ²2x2 + ÃŽ ²3x3 since we have got three independent variables; employees age at the time of termination of the contract, the length of time the employee has worked with us, and the annual pay of the employee. We have also one dependent variable, weeks of severance pay. From the figure obtained above (-2228.2 weeks), it is clear that the model does not exactly obey the assumption that the pay period is directly related to any linear combination of the factors listed by Lauren as the determining factors of pay period. This is a serious fact because it exposes Lauren as a company that does not honour or follow any pre-set procedures in administration of the severance package. The negative value indicates that Mr. Smith is supposed to work for firm for another over 2220 weeks, a situation that depicts him as

Introduction to Critical Thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction to Critical Thinking - Essay Example e of cancer is highly reported on men as compared to women since men are likely to be affected 3 times as compared to women (AGNEW, GILCHREST & BUNKER, 2005). Age bracket highly affected are those between 45 and 54 of age. Many cancers are caused by the ultra-violet radiation as this tends to suppress the immune functionality and the aging. Basing on the above fact about cancer there is an issue that tomatoes protect the skin against skin that would later prevent it against cancer infection (DELMAS, JANNIN & LATRUFFE, 2005). In this regard, this is the issue that I have chosen to discuss on in my paper. It is worthwhile noting that ultra-violet radiation from the sun exerts aging and carcinogenic effects on the skin through the oxidative stress, inflammation and damage of DNA. Due to these facts, there has been a lot of desire to find out more on skin cancer by the scientist community in using antioxidants from plant foods to protect against these damages. Through use of animal study, photo-protection has been demonstrated. This was achieved by use of variety of antioxidant supplements that involved green tea catechins, proanthocyanadins, resveratrol, and silymarin (SUN-WATERHOUSE, 2011). These substances are antioxidant. In addition, they are also able to absorb ultra-violet rays from the sun when applied typically, more so enable repair of damaged DNA and also reduce inflammations. Pink and red fruits such as tomato, grapefruit and papaya are thought to have lycopene a carotenoid antioxidant which is well known for its prostate cancer protective effects. This is usually of high content in well cocked tomato products such as tomato pastes. Lycopene is well known to be a very powerful antioxidant that is vitro which is a known to prevent or repair the damaged DNA that could lead to cancer development. Moreover, lycopene stimulates the production of antioxidant enzymes and hinders signals that could lead to development of tumours. Through recent research, it

Yahoo Advantages Disadvantages

Yahoo Advantages Disadvantages Yahoo In APA Style Strategic Management and Policy In the growing world of technology we often see many advantages and disadvantages associated with the growing population of Internet companies with there advertising techniques and strong thresholds on the American society through innovation and design. In the case of Yahoo it is apparent that there is an emerging culture growing inside the walls of the technological structure that allows Yahoo to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage through Internet applications and services provided by the Internet giant. Yahoo has a structure unlike any other internet provider in which they are able to maintain a strong barrier against new and emerging providers to enter the market world of technology and over throw the internet giant. Also, they have the sustainability to achieve a mass bargaining power through the buyer and seller who use the services of Yahoo to achieve an overwhelming curve in the market place. With the advantages that Yahoo holds with the products and services it allows a strong barrier to increase so that substitutes can not and will not grow within the walls of the technological structure. With this in mind Porters five forces was the best resource to improve on my analysis of the corporations growth and competitive advantage in the internet society. The threat of new and emerging entrants in the internet society is very low in these circumstances because of the product differentiation, capital requirements, and the access to distribution channels (Strategic Management, 2007). Product differentiation under these circumstances would cause a new entrant who wants to publicize an internet publication on the World Wide Web to spend a fortune to achieve what Google and Yahoo have spent a decade achieving through product loyalty and customer satisfaction. A new entrant also does not have the capital needs to achieve there desired results because of the extreme overhead and production cost included with beginning a new and emerging service. Also, the availability of distribution channels needed to publicize the internet page owned by the new emergent would quite possibly be owned solely by there strong competitor Yahoo or Google and dominance could cause a crushing blow to the competitors technological advancements. The bargaining power of buyers has made an everlasting impact on Yahoos financial stability and advantage on market growth because of the strong leadership shown by CEO Terry Semel. Terry has integrated the internet service to become a virtual shopping guide know to all man kind through smart acquisitions and also mergers with top communication leaders such as SBC global, Verizon communication and Overture Services. This has allowed for service providers to advertise there many products and services on the World Wide Web and gain the advantage that Yahoo has provided, as being the next step generation in technological advancements. This in return has allowed Yahoo to charge a fee accompanied with advertisements so that the firms financials statements will increase in value and also will look extremely enhancing to those looking to purchase Yahoos stocks on the exchange. These advantages have done nothing but encourage the advertisement industry to buy their advertisements with Yahoo because of the well known technique and broad market that it connects with, but also to gain the top market share price that every corporate executive is trying to achieve. With the bargaining power of buyers in mind we will now turn to the suppliers bargaining power so that we may introduce some factors that encourage supplier power. In this cause the supplier for Yahoos internet access is the American public that continues to thread the needle that sews Yahoos financial stability and continued growth throughout the world. Suppliers in this instance would be similar to the buyer when they are looking for a service that can generate a market power for the products and service that are being advertised on the Yahoo site. It is extremely difficult for the supplier to gain and advantage in this instance because of the strong control and marketing capabilities that Yahoo has over other leading advertisers such as television and radio. But, since yahoo has been able to form acquisitions with SBC and Verizon it is able to communicate over a much more â€Å"mobile† coverage area than before and therefore will enhance the suppliers to use the services of fered by Yahoo extensively for product and service development. The threat for new or substitute products and services is extremely high for Yahoo because they have the competitors AOL and MSN to always compete with and trying to overturn any investment opportunities that Yahoo has been involved with. The one major advantage that Yahoo has acquired is that they have the capabilities and resources to expand there service realm across many divisions of the consumer wants. Yahoo has the virtual reality of diminishing AOL and MSN by overturning the technology through broad band communication at the tips of your fingers with the cell phone industry. And also by acquiring a major search engine component which allows many consumers to search multiple things and acquire a result plus a solution for there disrupted efforts of confusion. With this being the situation in all business efforts we will now turn to the intense rivalry within the industry. In every business unit we will always have a rival picking at our feet to see what integrative tactics we have in store for the future. In this case the customer base has lead to believe that Yahoo and its executives are in a win win situation because of the barriers it has created within the organization. Including the differentiation that Yahoo has created a commodity and not just a service it is something all Americans depend upon when they are travel so that when they get to there hotel they may pull up on the search engines on places to dine within the city that they are staying and get listings as well as suggestions. Also, they can use the service offered by the wireless internet on the mobile phones to get reservation for a room while the consumer is still in flight. In this situation Yahoo has gained an extraordinary advantage against MSN and AOL in the service aspect of the business unit. We have discussed all the forces that can and might drive an industry into an undesired state for which its products will not be desired and the business units will strongly fade away we as corporate leaders need to find a foundation of formulation. This will encourage our buyers and suppliers to continue to operate with our services and allow us at Yahoo to overcome the forces and achieve excellence within the market and service realm. Formulation in this situation will increase the power that Yahoo has over the other competitors in the industry and it will also give them a stepping stone or building block to creating an implementation for their business strategy. First, would be the forming of the overall cost leadership within the firm to allow Yahoo to create that barrier between AOL and MSN. The issue of human resource management has lead me to realize that it would be in the best interest of Yahoo to continue to allow the casual dress for its employee base so that the employees are in a continual state of comfort while they are working and can provide the best and top quality service at an affordable rate. This statement may seem off the wall but just take for instance an employee who is always demanded of for service and top quality production at a high level industry, do you think that they are going to produce more under high pressure and uncomfortable atmospheres or are they going to perform under the most relaxing conditions imaginable. The structure of overhead costs has reduced a huge amount of dollars because there have not been a large number of administrators at Yahoos corporate level and this in return has gained the advantage over the competitors who have that large overhead expense involved with creating value for its customers. Along with the control of the organizations administrative cost, Yahoo should use the service realm to produce high quality technicians who are constantly monitoring progress or down time within the browser to ensure that all users are pleased with the experience they are receiving from Yahoo. Along with the service that Yahoo delivers to there clients I that is so well known Yahoo also, delivers a unique parity to there clients with a speedy and creative innovation through there brand image which in turn will result in a powerful differentiation effort towards pleasing there customer base. Yahoos brand image that has attracted millions in my opinion is â€Å"with a click of a mouse you can have the world† and is very true to some aspects. The main strategy of Yahoo is to create a â€Å"virtual Disney land†(Jamal Shamsie, 2007) says CEO Terry Semel by engaging in numerous links that any American can access through one web mail address which enhances the convenience sector and also enriches the dealers networks that have advertised with the world service provider Yahoo that has continually strived to bring success as well as an invisible feature of differentiated search engines that allows individuals to look for any piece of information around the world at a quick response rate and also receive a suggestive comment back as to the best possible choice for the convenience of the consumer. And as we have discovered through the discussion of differentiation was that the focus strategy for Yahoo was simply to be above all the rest and capture the consumer eyes through technological, innovative, and brand image strategy to gain all competitive advantages in the market world. Yahoo has maintained a unique strategy of â€Å"being different† from all the rest by not concerning itself with profitable area but to allow its customers to have a service that produce more output than all the others combined. Focus strategy in Yahoos case would be considered a differentiation focus that strives to targets a segment of the market world by allowing its users to choose from a wide variety of services from financial consulting to broad band internet access from the convenience of the cell phone. This gives the Yahoo firm the advantage it needs to gain and keep market shares increasing by dissolving the new entrant gap of trying to achieve the dominance factor to make an internet providers dream come true. With this statement from the core of the analysis has concluded that the strategy that has been chosen to completely analyze and formulate the Yahoo firm has been done to establish a broad base on how the Yahoo firm can initialize a base mission and statement and keep turning the eyes of AOL and MSN so that Yahoo stands one step ahead of the competitor to achieve competitive advantage. The philosophy of Yahoo was to â€Å"work within a framework and if it is free for all we wont take advantage of the strengths of our company†(Jamal Shamsie, 2007) says CEO Semel which allows the company to achieve great deeds on the weakness of the firm because we all know that one hundred percent of a strong company is a lot better than fifty percent of the strengths and fifty percent of the weaknesses. Meaning, fix the bad and leave the good alone because the good got there for a reason and they dont need to be adjusted but the bad has issued needing to be addressed. References Dess, Lumpkin, and Eisnor (2007). Porters Five Forces, Business level Strategy, McGraw and Hill Strategic Management. Shamsie, Jamal (2007). Yahoo Case, McGraw and Hill Strategic Management p. 792-797

Marianne Moores Life Essay -- Biographies Biography Poetry Writers Es

Marianne Moore's Life Marianne Moore was born on November 15, 1887 in Kirkwood, Missouri. Her father, who was an engineer, suffered a mental breakdown before her birth and was hospitalized before she could meet him. Moore lived with her mother, her brother, and her grandfather in Missouri until her grandfather’s death in 1894. Moore’s mother moved the family briefly to Pittsburgh and then to Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Moore attended Metzger Institute through high school and then enrolled at Bryn Mawr College in 1905. At Bryn Mawr Moore she published poems in two of the school’s literary magazines: Tipyn O’Bob and the Lantern. She majored in history, law, and politics, and graduated in 1909. After graduating Moore took secretarial courses at Carlisle Commercial College and then taught bookkeeping, stenography, typing, commercial English, and law. [i] In 1915 Moore began to publish poems professionally. Moore first published seven poems in the Egoist, which was a London magazine edited by Hilda Doolittle. Four poems were published in Poetry: A Magazine of Verse. Five of her poems were published in Others. In 1916 Moore moved with her mother to Chatham, New Jersey, to live with her brother, who was a Presbyterian minister. When he joined the Navy in 1918 Moore and her mother moved to Manhattan. It was at this time that she became friendly with other artists such as Alfred Kreymborg, photographer Alfred Stieglitz, poets Wallace Stevens and William Carlos Williams. H.D., T.S. Eliot, and Ezra Pound also esteemed her. In 1920 Moore’s work began to appear in the distinguished pro-modernist magazine, the Dial. From 1921 until 1925 Moore worked as an assistant in the Hudson Park branch of the... ...] Marianne Moore Chronology, http://mam.english.sbc.edu/TSE.html [xiv] Engel Works Cited Books: Elizabeth W. Joyce, Cultural Critique and Abstraction (London: Associated University Press 1998) Charles Molesworth, Marianne Moore: A Literary Life. (New York: Atheneum Publishing Company, 1990) Websites: Elaine Oswald and Robert L. Gale, On Marianne Moore’s Life and Career, (Modern American Poetry). http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/m_r/moore/life.html Bernard F. Engel, Marianne Moore, (Heath Online Instructor’s Guide) April 13, 2004. http://college.hmco.com/english/heath/syllabuild/iguide/moore.html Marianne Moore, (Academy of American Poets) April 13, 2004. http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?45442B7C000C0F02; Marianne Moore Chronology, http://mam.english.sbc.edu/TSE.html